Long Island

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Long Island's school districts are saddled with $3.7 billion in long-term debt, the price of years of borrowing for construction and improvements ranging from solar panels and upgraded ventilation systems to science labs, refurbished auditoriums and updated athletic fields. 
While the state picks up part of the tab -- in some cases, the majority of it -- property owners, too, are on the hook for this fixed cost, which is plugged into district budgets already straining under dramatic cuts in state aid and the expense of government mandates. 
School budgets that residents in most of the Island's 124 districts will be asked to approve Tuesday include principal and interest due annually on bonds -- indebtedness that over the past decade was encouraged by state policies. 
Debt service on the Island's school district bonds last year totaled $468.9 million, up from $146.1 million in 1990, according to the state Department of Education. 
&nbsp; 
Footing the bill 
As with any IOU, the piper must be paid. 
"The thing you have to consider is, what is the alternative?" said Wendell Chu, superintendent of the <a href="/topics/East_Islip%2C_NY">East Islip</a> school district. "This type of debt that's being picked up is generally for capital projects that are not easy to include in regular budgets." 
The annual debt service is a small piece of a school district's overall spending, which also includes state aid. Last year, debt service ate up 4.5 percent of total expenditures in the Island's districts -- up from 3.1 percent in 2000 and 3.8 percent in 1990. 
In the 1990 fiscal year, <a href="/topics/Nassau_County%2C_NY">Nassau</a> and <a href="/topics/Suffolk_County%2C_NY">Suffolk</a> school districts had a combined $542.6 million in outstanding bonds, according to data provided by the state comptroller's office. By 2010, those bonded debt obligations had grown to $3.7 billion. Adjusted for inflation, that's a 309 percent increase. 
Consider <a href="/topics/Syosset%2C_NY">Syosset</a> as one example. When children were dismissed from <a href="/topics/Syosset%2C_NY">Syosset</a>'s schools in the summer of 1990, paying off the district's long-term debt bonds would have taken about $7 from the pocket of every man, woman and child in the district. In 2010, the payoff was $1,389 per person. The district's bonded indebtedness grew in that time from $225,000 to $47.5 million. 
Increased debt by itself doesn't necessarily mean that school districts are borrowing too much -- indeed, as Long Island became wealthier, it could afford more. Overall school spending grew from $3.89 billion in 1990 to $10.37 billion last year, a 60 percent increase after adjusting for inflation. 
"Just to focus on increases in the amount of debt is just a partial view," said Kate Hackett, an analyst at Standard &amp; Poor's. "You have to look at the growth in the economy. It's a very strong economy out in Long Island." 
&nbsp; 
Outpacing inflation rate 
Still, borrowing by many districts has outpaced inflation. The state's growing obligation to fund a portion of school construction and renovation over the past decade prompted changes in law this year that will bring to the fore the trade-off between construction and other costs, such as hiring teachers. 
"New York State has done a number of things over the years to encourage school construction, and some projects were sorely needed and others may have been done because the state's reimbursement was so generous that it was hard to say no," said Morris Peters, spokesman for the state Division of Budget. "The problem with that is it drives up state expenses for school construction." 
In the 1990-91 school year, New York paid school districts throughout the state $380 million for building aid. Twenty years later, that figure had risen to $2.49 billion, an increase of 295 percent in inflation-adjusted dollars. The amount of aid available for eligible projects is largely determined by a district's wealth, with the state paying a greater portion of poorer districts' costs. 
&nbsp; 
The borrowing boom 
Borrowing really took off in the new millennium, fueled by a confluence of factors that created fertile ground for debt. Part of it was simply cyclical need. Many Long Island schools were built in the 1950s and required renovation, or more classrooms were needed in growing districts. Enrollment increased during the 1990s and through 2005, driven by a number of factors, including offering full-day kindergarten in more districts and expanded curriculums. Falling interest rates in the 1990s and 2000s made borrowing cheaper, and rising wealth and property values made more money available. 
Observers point to state policy changes that encouraged borrowing: a temporary state increase in building aid, imposition of a payment schedule that spread reimbursement over fixed time periods, and a grant program that prompted sale of more bonds. 
Starting in 1998, the state temporarily increased building aid available to all school districts, prompting many to go out with bond referendums. 
Chu said that state incentives spurred districts to make needed investments in their facilities. 
"That incentive caused a lot of school districts to do those projects -- projects that they may have decided to put off for a later point in time or might have even enhanced projects to allow them to do better things," he said. 
Then, in 2002 the state changed the way it reimbursed school districts so that it paid them over 15, 20 or 30 years, depending upon the type of project, which discouraged pay-as-you-go spending. 
"Governor Pataki, when times were tougher, turned around immediately and stretched out the repayments over the life of the project," said John Bierwirth, superintendent of the <a href="/topics/Herricks%2C_NY">Herricks</a> school district. "In a relatively short period of time, the state was one moment encouraging construction and in the next moment encouraging people to go into debt." 
Finally, a program called EXCEL encouraged districts sell more bonds, though that cost generally fell more on state taxpayers than individual districts. The borrowing bonanza prompted state lawmakers to change the system this year. The 2011-12 budget capped growth in school aid, including building aid. That means as more funds are approved for districts' capital projects, less money will be available for other things. 
"This dynamic has existed for a long time -- of expense-based aid growing as a percentage of the total," Peters said. "Going forward, as we're constraining school-aid growth, that problem is going to essentially be compounded, and this will focus a little more attention on the issue."

LIBOND13

School debt soars on Long Island

lirally

<a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Amityville%2C_NY">AMITYVILLE</a> 
Vote Approved, 939-385 
Budget $77,612,773, a 0.66% increase 
Tax levy $51,404,045, a 3% increase 
Average home Increase 3% from $4,993 to $5,143. With $350,000 as the estimated market value, the assessed value of a home in the part of the district in the Town of <a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Babylon%2C_NY">Babylon</a> is $3,675; the assessed value of a home in the part of the district in the Town of <a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Oyster_Bay%2C_NY">Oyster Bay</a> is $1,015. 
School board Mark Epps (790) defeated incumbent Charles Walters (522); Ronald A. Moss (770) defeated incumbent Diane M. Koza Egglinger (556); incumbent Lisa Johnson ran unopposed. Terms are three years.

News

VGAMIT15

Amityville School District

<a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Bethpage_State_Park%2C_NY">BETHPAGE</a> 
Vote Approved, 1,217-577 
Budget $74,583,334, a 2.3% increase 
Tax levy $59,361,462, a 3.4% increase 
Average home Increase 4.1% to $6,411.10 
Proposition Approved, 1,307-319, to spend $500,000 from the capital reserve fund to retrofit school boilers for natural gas as a less-expensive energy source. 
School board Anna Israelton and Michael J. Kelly ran unopposed for three-year terms.

VGBETH15

Bethpage School District

<a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Cold_Spring_Harbor%2C_NY">COLD SPRING HARBOR</a> 
Vote Approved, 758-438 
Budget $58,420,903, a 2.86% increase 
Tax levy $54,091,985, a 3.93% increase 
Average home The district says it cannot calculate the increase in taxes on an average single-family home until after the state sets the equalization rate in August. 
Proposition Approved, 822-360, spending $1.8 million from capital reserve fund on school building improvements and installation of a wireless network. 
School board Incumbents Janice Elkin (854), Lori Homer (863) and <a href="/topics/Joseph_%28designer%29">Joseph</a> Morante (885) ran unopposed for three-year terms.

VGCOLD15

Cold Spring Harbor School District

<a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Farmingdale%2C_NY">FARMINGDALE</a> 
Vote Approved, 1,988-1,181 
Budget $146,957,711, a 1.34% decrease 
Tax levy $112,296,282, a 2.52% increase 
Average home Not available 
Proposition Approved, 2,044-1,015, for <a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Farmingdale%2C_NY">Farmingdale</a> Youth Council appropriation. 
School board Incumbents John E. Capobianco and Stephen G. Wilson ran unopposed for three-year terms.

VGFARM15

Farmingdale School District

GLEN COVE 
Vote Approved, 1,023-578 
Budget $72,052,501, up 2.37% 
Tax levy $61,046,196, a 3.3% increase 
Average home District officials said they could not provide an estimate of the increased tax levy's impact on the average single-family home. 
School board Incumbent Joel M. Sunshine (1,040) and Barrie Dratch (675) ran unopposed for three-year terms.

VGGLEN15

Glen Cove School District

<a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Hicksville%2C_NY">HICKSVILLE</a> 
Vote Approved, 1,865-1,036 
Budget $117,178,303, a 2.63% increase 
Tax levy $96,369,955, a 3.25% increase 
Average home Increase 2.85% to $4,610. 
Proposition Approved, 1,695-1,166, to authorize $50,000 appropriation to the <a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Hicksville%2C_NY">Hicksville</a> Gregory Museum for educational services. 
School board Kevin J. Carroll (1,145) defeated incumbent Charles Coutieri (600) and Phil Heckler (668); incumbent Steven Culhane (1,199) beat challenger David Jao (877); incumbent Dolores Garger ran unopposed. Terms are three years.

VGHICK15

Hicksville School District

<a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Jericho%2C_NY">JERICHO</a> 
Vote Approved, 1,097-390 
Budget $111,962,251, a 2.79% increase 
Tax levy $101,337,751, a 2.94% increase 
Average home The district declined to estimate the effect of the tax increase on the average home in the district. 
School board Incumbents Claire Hochheiser (963) and Barbara Krieger (1,092) ran unopposed for three-year terms.

VGJERI15

Jericho School District

LOCUST VALLEY 
Vote Rejected, 1,312-1,192 
Budget $73,921,062, a 2.9% increase 
Tax levy $70,637,562, a 5.81% increase 
Average home District officials said they could not provide an estimate of the tax levy's impact on the average single-family home. 
Propositions Approved, 1,267-1,168, to fund driver's-ed program, but will not be funded because it was contingent on budget passage; approved, 1,510-893, to spend $1.1 million from its capital reserve fund to replace boilers at <a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Bayville%2C_NY">Bayville</a> Intermediate School, repair the retaining wall at the high school loading dock, repair an exterior wall at Ann MacArthur Primary School and replace stage rigging in the high school auditorium; approved, 1,216-973, to create a Repair Reserve Fund of up to $2 million to be used for equipment repairs. 
School board George M. Stimola (1,119), Maria Segura (985) and Charles Murphy (936) won seats over Randy G. Carr (870) and incumbents Yao H. Chu (902), Philip Bellisari (818) and Ronald J. Walsh Jr. (774). Terms are three years.

VGLOCU15

Locust Valley School District

<a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Massapequa%2C_NY">MASSAPEQUA</a> 
Vote Approved, 3,249-2,372 
Budget $179,209,899, a 1.72% increase 
Tax levy $145,225,402, a 1.64% increase 
Average home Not available 
School board Jane Ryan (2,779) and <a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Gary_Bennett">Gary Bennett</a> (2,917) beat Christine Lupetin Perrino (2,566) and Carl Hoops (2,488) for three-year terms.

VGMASS15

Massapequa School District

PLAINEDGE 
Vote Approved, 1,657-1,165 
Budget $79,715,961, a 4.21% increase 
Tax levy $58,070,000, a 3.99% increase 
Proposition Approved, 1,708-965, to spend up to $960,000 from the $2.4-million capital reserve fund to upgrade facilities and systems. 
School board Incumbents Catherine Flanagan and Patricia Zinke ran unopposed for three-year terms.

VGPLAI15

Plainedge School District

<a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Plainview%2C_NY">PLAINVIEW</a>-<a href="/topics/Old_Bethpage%2C_NY">OLD BETHPAGE</a> 
Vote Approved, 2,095-1,136 
Budget $134,193,688, a 2.52% increase 
Tax levy $113,354,174, a 2.59% increase 
Average home Assessed at $1,102 will increase 2.52% to $8,716 
Proposition Approved, 2,230-936, to spend no more than $4,364,500 from capital reserve fund on heating and ventilation reconstruction upgrades, emergency gas shut-off installations, other districtwide plumbing and masonry improvements and general maintenance 
School board Incumbents Debbie Bernstein (2,016) and Ginger Lieberman (1,795) beat Charles A. Mazzocchi (1,375) for two seats with three-year terms.

VGPVOB15

Plainview-Old Bethpage School District

<a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Oyster_Bay%2C_NY">OYSTER BAY</a>-<a href="/topics/East_Norwich%2C_NY">EAST NORWICH</a> 
Vote Rejected, 1,036-1,002 
Budget $50,657,664, a 3.94% increase 
Tax levy $47,279,403, a 5.4% increase 
Average home School officials said they could not provide the tax impact on the average assessed home because the district does not determine tax rates and assessment values have yet to be finalized. 
Propositions Approved, 1,174-781, to spend $250,000 from the capital reserve fund on various school improvements; approved, 1,038-875, to authorize that the fund be used in the future for acquisition of equipment. 
School board Maryann <a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Santos%2C_Ltd.">Santos</a> (1,210) and Stephen Zbodula (833) beat incumbents Keith A. Kowalsky (786) and Donald Zoeller (605) for four-year terms.

VGOBAY15

Oyster Bay-East Norwich District

<a href="http://www.newsday.com/topics/Syosset%2C_NY">SYOSSET</a> 
Budget $192,353,912, a 1.86% increase 
Tax levy $178,576,770, a 2.69% increase 
Average home The district was unable to provide an estimated increase in taxes for a house valued at the district average. 
School board Laura Schlesinger (2,925) and incumbents Michael Cohen (3,177) and April Neuendorf (2,997) ran unopposed for three seats with three-year terms.

VGSYOS15

Syosset School District

Oyster Bay school districts

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