Skip student loan forbearance -- do this instead

Forbearance is a way to stop making student loan payments temporarily. It is not a long-term affordability strategy, or a way to put off repayment indefinitely.

And that means very few people should use it.

Many students didn't truly grasp what they signed up for when they scrambled to afford an education they were told they needed to succeed. Forbearance is the quick fix they turn to when the bill overwhelms them.

But if forbearance isn't a good idea, what are borrowers in trouble supposed to do? Follow these guidelines:

• Use income-driven repayment to make your loan payments more affordable over the long term.
• Choose forbearance only for short, one-off financial crises, like when you have a big auto repair or medical bill to pay.

Here's why.

Benefits, but last resort

Forbearance allows you to pause payments, generally for up to 12 months at a time for federal loans.

There are different types, but discretionary forbearance is the one that can creep up on you. It's available to anyone with financial difficulties, and there's no limit to how long you can get it for. Interest will keep adding up, meaning at the end of the forbearance period, you'll owe more than you did before.

For instance, after putting $30,000 in loans on hold for 12 months at 6 percent interest, you'd owe about $31,800.

Think of forbearance as a last resort. It's too easy to renew it and let your balance grow, while also spending each month without factoring in a student loan payment.

Smarter ways to get relief

Most people with student loans have federal loans, which means they're eligible for income-driven repayment. These plans lower payments to a percentage of income; you can pay $0 if you have no earnings.

To qualify, some plans require you to show you can't afford the standard 10-year schedule, but one plan — called Revised Pay As You Earn — is available to all federal borrowers. Sign up for free at studentloans.gov.

Depending on the plan and the type of loans you have, the government may pay part of the interest that accrues if your payments don't cover it. Your loans will also be forgiven if there's any balance after 20 or 25 years of payments.

Income-driven repayment will help get you through a crisis, but staying on it for decades will mean owing more in interest. Under current rules you'll also be taxed on the balance forgiven.

Use income-driven repayment strategically by staying on it once you've found steadier financial footing. You can pay extra each month without penalty to get rid of your loans faster, and a lower payment is there as a safety net if you need it.

This is your chance to take back control of your loans, and to keep them from dictating the life you can afford.