Musings: How vaccines make us safer

Why are vaccinations so crucial? Vaccines prevent viruses from infecting host cells by activating the immune system to recognize and destroy the virus before it spreads.

Viruses are microscopic and, unlike bacteria, they are not alive. They can only exist and multiply inside a host cell. Once inside, a virus hijacks the cell by inserting its own genetic material — DNA or RNA. The infected cell then unknowingly replicates the virus hundreds of times, which go on to invade other host cells. Before you even realize what’s happening, the virus has multiplied exponentially — and you, the host, begin to feel sick. No amount of water, vitamins or home remedies can stop this process.

Unvaccinated individuals can unknowingly contract and spread viruses before they even show symptoms. Some may believe that remaining unvaccinated is a matter of personal choice, but in reality, it’s an act of public responsibility. By choosing not to get vaccinated, individuals put children, the immunocompromised, the elderly, and even themselves at risk.

According to the World Health Organization, vaccines have saved more human lives than any other medical advancement in history. The first successful vaccine was developed in 1796 by English physician Edward Jenner. He inoculated an 8-year-old boy with material from a cowpox sore, granting him immunity to smallpox.

Even before Jenner’s discovery, colonial Americans understood the benefits of inoculation. During a smallpox outbreak, people practiced variolation — taking material from a mild case of smallpox and exposing themselves to build immunity. In 1764, John Adams and his family used this method to protect themselves.

We have come a long way in the development of safer, faster, and more effective vaccines. Let’s continue to trust in science and use our collective knowledge to keep our communities healthy.

— Janet Mark, Massapequa

The writer is a retired Long Island science teacher.